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The F-wordItaly chooses a party with a neo-fascist legacyBut Giorgia Meloni’s win is less decisive than it seemsSep 25th 2022 | FLORENCEBESIDE A ROAD winding into the Apuan Alps sits the village of Sant’Anna di Stazzema. In 1944 SS troops and Fascist paramilitaries massacred several hundred people here, including children, to deter collaboration with the resistance. In Italy’s general election on September 25th, Stazzema, the municipality that includes Sant’Anna, helped elect a senator from the Brothers of Italy (FdI), a party descended from a post-war neo-fascist group. The FdI’s candidate took 49.6% of the votes.Il Tirreno, the local daily, was outraged. Stazzema and the surrounding region of Tuscany had “shelved [their] memory”, it thundered. The historical significance of fascism had been lost in “a sea of indifference and populism”. Of the 36 lawmakers elected in Tuscany, once part of Italy’s communist “red belt”, 19 were from the nationally victorious right-wing alliance. Six belong to the FdI, led by Giorgia Meloni, Italy’s probable next prime minister. But do the results of Italy’s election truly mean it has re-embraced its fascist past? The distribution of seats in the country’s parliament might suggest so. The right is expected to have 237 of the 400 places in the Chamber of Deputies and 115 of the 200 in the Senate. Significantly, in both houses, the Brothers will outnumber all of their allies combined (see chart).But the right owes its victory not so much to popularity as to canny adaptation to the electoral system. In Italy 37% of the seats are allocated on a first-past-the-post basis, which generously rewards alliances. And while Italy’s conservatives hung together, their adversaries split.The leader of the centre-left Democratic Party (PD), Enrico Letta, ruled out a link with the left-leaning Five Star Movement (M5S) because of its part in toppling the outgoing government of Mario Draghi. Carlo Calenda, founder of a small centrist party called Action,......

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