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13经典文化漫谈要实现人与人之间的交往和有效沟通，除了良好的语言能力外，还需要有对相关文化背景知识的了解。美国学者E. D. Hirsch, Jr.将一个人的文化背景知识能力称为“文化能力（cultural literacy）”。在《文化能力》（Cultural Literacy）一书中，他指出，“Cultural literacy is the oxygen of social intercourse. Only when we run into cultural illiteracy are we shocked into recognizing the importance of the information that we had unconsciously assumed. （文化能力是社会交往的氧气。只有当我们因为缺乏对文化知识的了解造成交流障碍时，才知道我们日用而不知的文化信息有多重要。）” 电影《修女也疯狂》（Sister Act）中，由黑人女影星乌比·戈德堡（Whoopi Goldberg）饰演的夜总会二流歌手无意间目睹了一起谋杀案、因而遭黑道的追杀。她在警方的安排下躲进了修道院。饭前，修道院院长让她领着修女做祷告，但她俗人一个，对祷告词不熟，于是硬着头皮说了下面的话：（1）Bless us, O, Lord, for these thy gifts we are about to receive. ① And yeah, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of no food, I'll fear no hungry. ② We want you to give us this day our daily bread, and to the republic for which it stands. ③ By the power invested in me, I pronounce us ready to eat, Amen. 主啊，请保佑我们，我们即将领受您赐予我们的礼物。① 即使我们走在食物匮乏的山谷，我们也感觉不到饥饿。② 我们希望您能赐予我们充饥的面包，以及它所代表的共和国。③ 现在我以大伙赋予我的权力，正式宣布我们开吃，阿门！记得美国友人当时和我看这段电影时，笑得前仰后合。这段祷告滑稽、可笑是因为三段本来风马牛不相及的套话被生硬地糅合在了一起。在上面的祷告中，①套用的是《圣经》中的诗篇23： Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no evil, for You are with me. （我虽然行过死荫的幽谷，也不怕险恶，因为你与我同在。） ② 套用了美国人对国旗的宣誓词： I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the republic for which it stands, one nation Under God, indivisible with liberty and justice for all.（我宣誓，我效忠于美利坚合众国国旗，及其所代表的受上帝眷顾的不可分割的，给予其公民自由与公平的共和国。）最搞笑的要属③，它模仿牧师在婚礼上的主持语： By the power invested in me, I now pronounce you man and wife.（现在，我宣布你们正式结为夫妻。）上面的诗篇23据说出自大卫王之手，2001年9·11恐怖袭击发生后，布什总统在对美国民众发表的讲话中曾引用过它：（2）Tonight I ask for your prayers for all those who grieve, for the children whose worlds have been shattered, for all whose sense of safety and security has been threatened. And I pray they will be comforted by a power greater than any of us, spoken through the ages in Psalm 23： Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no evil, for You are with me. 今晚，我要你们和我一起祈祷。为那些因失去家人而悲痛......